Plumeria, known for their fragrant flowers and commonly associated with tropical and subtropical regions, are primarily pollinated by moths, specifically sphinx moths (family Sphingidae). The main reasons for this are the structure and fragrance of their flowers:

1. Nocturnal Fragrance: Plumeria flowers emit a strong, sweet scent during the evening and night. This characteristic fragrance is specifically designed to attract nocturnal pollinators like moths. The scent serves as a guide, leading these pollinators to the flowers in the darkness.
2. Flower Structure: The flowers of Plumeria have a tubular shape, which is particularly suited for moth pollination. Moths, especially those with longer proboscises like the sphinx moths, can easily access the nectar located at the base of the tube while simultaneously contacting the flower’s reproductive parts, facilitating pollination.
3. White or Pale-Colored Flowers: Many Plumeria varieties have white or pale-colored flowers that are more visible in low light conditions, making them easier for nocturnal pollinators to locate.

While moths are the primary pollinators, Plumeria can also be visited by other insects like bees and butterflies during the day. However, their contribution to pollination is generally less significant compared to that of moths.

It’s important to note that in some regions, especially where Plumeria are grown as ornamental plants outside of their native range, natural pollination may be less common. In these cases, hand pollination can be used to produce seeds.

For more detailed information on Plumeria care, pollination, and propagation, you can visit websites like PlumeriaCareGuide.com, which offers comprehensive guides and articles on various aspects of growing and maintaining Plumeria.