When and How to Fertilize Plumerias for Maximum Blooms

Fertilizing your plumeria properly is one of the best ways to ensure it produces vibrant blooms year after year. However, understanding the timing and method of fertilization is key to maximizing your plant’s potential. Plumeria plants have specific nutrient needs that change throughout the year, and applying the right type of fertilizer at the right time can help them grow stronger, healthier, and more prolific in flowering.

In this article, we’ll provide a seasonal feeding calendar for plumeria, discuss the best fertilizer techniques, and explain how foliar feeding differs from soil feeding for plumeria care.

1. Seasonal Fertilizing Schedule for Plumeria

Just like any other plant, plumerias have different nutrient needs depending on the season and growth stage. Below is a guide to when and how to fertilize your plumeria during the year, starting with the beginning of the growing season through dormancy.

Spring (Start of Growing Season)

• When to Fertilize: Begin fertilizing in early spring, once new leaves begin to emerge and growth kicks into high gear. This is when plumeria needs a boost to get the growing season started and support the development of strong leaves and healthy roots.
• Fertilization Type: Apply a balanced fertilizer with a moderate amount of phosphorus (e.g., 11-12-14) to encourage healthy growth and flower bud formation. The phosphorus in the fertilizer is key for root development and preparing for blooms later in the season.
• Application Frequency: Fertilize with a slow-release balanced (11-11-14). Keep in mind that slow-release fertilizers last longer and provide consistent nutrients, while water-soluble fertilizers provide quick results but need to be applied more frequently.

Summer (Peak Growing Season)

• When to Fertilize: Continue fertilizing throughout the summer months while the plant is actively growing and blooming. During this period, plumerias are at their most vibrant and need consistent nutrients to support blooming and branching.
• Fertilization Type: Use a high-phosphorus fertilizer to promote flower production (e.g., 10-30-10 or 15-30-15). The extra phosphorus helps plumeria flowers develop more fully and bloom abundantly.
• Application Frequency: Continue feeding every 2–4 weeks depending on the type of fertilizer you’re using. For slow-release fertilizers, reapply in mid-summer if necessary, while water-soluble fertilizers may need more frequent applications during peak growth.

Late Summer to Early Fall (Pre-Dormancy)

• When to Fertilize: In late summer or early fall, begin to taper off fertilization as the plant prepares to go into dormancy.
• Fertilization Type: Reduce the amount of fertilizer with high phosphorus and instead opt for a more balanced or low-nitrogen fertilizer. This prevents the plant from pushing too much new growth just before it needs to rest for the winter.
• Application Frequency: Once a month is sufficient during this period, as the plant is slowing down. Over-fertilizing during this phase can encourage late-season growth that may not be sustainable during dormancy.

Winter (Dormancy)

• When to Fertilize: During the dormant period (typically fall to winter), plumerias do not require any fertilizer. The plant is not actively growing, and applying fertilizer can stress the plant or lead to unnecessary nutrient buildup.
• Fertilization Type: No fertilization is needed. Reduce watering as well, allowing the plant to rest.

2. Foliar Feeding vs. Soil Feeding: What’s the Difference?

Foliar Feeding: A Quick Nutrient Boost

• What It Is: Foliar feeding involves spraying a diluted liquid fertilizer directly onto the leaves of the plant. This allows the plant to absorb nutrients quickly through the stomata in the leaves.
• Benefits: Foliar feeding is an excellent way to boost nutrients quickly when the plant is showing signs of deficiency, such as yellowing leaves. It also helps when the plant is in need of instant nourishment.
• How to Apply: Mix the fertilizer according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and spray the underside of the leaves to maximize absorption. Avoid spraying the flowers to prevent damage.

Soil Feeding: Building Strong Roots and Sustained Growth

• What It Is: Soil feeding involves applying fertilizer to the soil around the base of the plumeria, allowing the plant to absorb nutrients through the roots over time.
• Benefits: Soil feeding is essential for promoting long-term growth and development. It provides nutrients to strengthen the roots, encourage branching, and ensure overall plant health.
• How to Apply: Use a water-soluble fertilizer or slow-release granules and apply them directly to the soil. Ensure proper watering after applying fertilizer to help it reach the root zone.

3. Tips for Fine-Tuning Your Fertilizing Routine

Fertilizing plumeria properly requires not just the right products but also the right timing and technique. Here are some tips to help you fine-tune your feeding regimen:

1. Avoid Over-Fertilizing with Nitrogen:

Excess nitrogen can promote lush foliage at the expense of flowers, leading to a plant that grows quickly but produces fewer blooms. Stick to balanced fertilizers or those with low nitrogen during the flowering phase.

2. Adjust Based on Plant Size:

• Small or Young Plants: Fertilize less frequently to avoid overwhelming the roots. For small plants, feed once a month during the growing season.
• Established Plants: Larger, mature plumeria plants may require more frequent feeding during the growing season to support their larger growth and flowering needs.

3. Use Slow-Release Fertilizers for Less Frequent Feeding:

If you prefer a less hands-on approach, slow-release fertilizers are a great option. These provide a steady supply of nutrients over several months, meaning you only need to fertilize every 2-3 months during the growing season.

4. Conclusion: Fertilizing for Maximum Blooms

Fertilizing plumeria at the right time and with the right nutrients is essential for encouraging strong growth and abundant blooms. By starting with high-phosphorus fertilizers early in the season, followed by balanced fertilizers to sustain growth, and reducing fertilization as the plant enters dormancy, you’ll ensure your plumeria grows healthily and produces beautiful flowers.

Remember, plumerias thrive on consistent care and attention, so keep an eye on your plant’s growth patterns and adjust your fertilizing schedule accordingly. With the right approach, you’ll enjoy vibrant blooms year after year.