Plant Structure
Plumeria, also known as Frangipani, is a small genus of deciduous trees or shrubs. They are known for their thick, fleshy branches and their milky sap. The branches are somewhat brittle and can break under strong winds or heavy loads. The bark of Plumeria is grey or grey-green and contains a milky latex that can be irritating to the skin and eyes.
Leaves
Plumeria leaves are large, dark green, and leathery, usually arranged in clusters near the ends of the branches. They are lance-shaped with a pointed tip and can grow up to 12 inches long. The leaves have prominent veins and a glossy surface. They fall off during winter in cooler climates, making the plant deciduous.
Flowers
Plumeria flowers are most notable for their vibrant colors and intense fragrance. The flowers are large and waxy with five petals, and they bloom in clusters at the end of the branches. The colors range from white, yellow, pink, red, and multiple colors in a single flower. The center of the flower is often a different color, creating a beautiful contrast. The flowers bloom from early summer to fall, with the peak blooming period in mid-summer.
Fragrance
One of the most distinctive traits of Plumeria is its strong, sweet fragrance. The scent is most potent at night to attract sphinx moths for pollination. Each Plumeria species and variety has a unique fragrance, with some smelling sweet and fruity, while others have a more subtle, spicy aroma.
Growth Habit
Plumeria has a relatively slow growth rate, usually growing 1 to 2 feet per year under optimal conditions. They can reach a height of 20 to 25 feet with a similar spread. Plumeria can be grown as a tree or a shrub, depending on how it’s pruned and cared for.
Hardiness
Plumeria is a tropical plant and prefers warm climates. It’s hardy in USDA zones 10 through 12. Plumeria can be grown in containers and brought indoors during the winter months in cooler climates.
Drought Tolerance
Plumeria is highly drought-tolerant. It can withstand long periods without water, making it a great choice for xeriscaping or for areas with water restrictions.
Dormancy
During the cooler months, Plumeria enters a period of dormancy. The leaves fall off, and the plant stops growing. This is a normal part of the plant’s life cycle and a necessary rest period before the next growing season. During dormancy, Plumeria requires less water and no fertilizer. Once the temperatures warm up and the days get longer, the plant will break dormancy and begin to grow and flower again.
Propagation
Plumeria is commonly propagated through cuttings. The cuttings are allowed to dry for a week or two and then planted in well-draining soil. Seeds can also propagate them, but plants grown from seeds may take several years to flower.
Pests and Diseases
Plumeria is relatively resistant to pests but can be affected by common garden pests like aphids, scale, and mealybugs. It’s also susceptible to fungal diseases, especially in areas with high humidity.
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