Prevention of Seedborne Diseases in Plumeria

Prevention is the cornerstone of successful plumeria seed propagation. By minimizing the presence and spread of seedborne pathogens, growers can improve germination success, reduce seedling losses, and promote vigorous growth.

Seed Selection and Handling

• Source Quality Seeds: Purchase seeds from reputable suppliers who provide disease-free certifications when possible.
• Avoid Using Seeds from Diseased Plants: Seeds from infected plants may carry pathogens internally or on the seed coat.

Seed Treatments

Surface Sterilization

• Soak seeds in a mild bleach solution (1 part bleach to 9 parts water) for 1–5 minutes, then rinse thoroughly to remove pathogens on the surface.
• Alternatively, use 3% hydrogen peroxide for similar effects.
• Proper sterilization reduces fungal and bacterial loads but does not guarantee complete elimination of internal infections.

Hot Water Treatment

• Soak seeds briefly (usually 50–55°C for 5–10 minutes) to kill fungi inside the seed coat.
• Requires careful temperature control to avoid seed damage.

Growing Medium and Conditions

• Use sterile, well-draining seed-starting mixes to reduce soilborne inoculum.
• Avoid reusing soil or containers without thorough sterilization.
• Maintain moderate soil moisture—keep moist but not waterlogged.
• Ensure good air circulation and avoid overcrowding seedlings.

Sanitation Practices

• Disinfect tools, trays, and work surfaces before use.
• Remove and destroy diseased seeds and seedlings immediately.
• Practice hand hygiene during seed handling and sowing.

Environmental Management

• Maintain temperature around 70–85°F (21–29°C) for optimal seedling growth.
• Avoid excessive humidity or prolonged wetness to reduce fungal pathogen survival.
• Use fans or ventilation to enhance airflow in seedling areas.