When rooting plumeria, the preparation of the cutting before the callusing process can indeed make a difference in the rooting success rate, and whether the end of the cutting is cleanly cut or broken off is a significant factor in this process. Both methods aim to stimulate the formation of callus tissue, which is essential for root development. However, each method has its implications for the health and rooting efficiency of plumeria cuttings.

TIP: Recutting a callused plumeria cutting should be avoided unless there is a clear problem with the initial callus formation or signs of rot or infection. The callusing process is a critical defense mechanism for the cutting, and unnecessary recutting can stress the plant, potentially delaying rooting or leading to failure. If you must recut, ensure that you do so with care, following best practices to give your plumeria cutting the best chance of successful rooting.

Clean Cut End

Advantages:

1. Controlled Wound Size: A clean cut with a sharp, sterile knife or pruning shears creates a uniform wound, allowing for more predictable callusing and root development.
2. Reduced Risk of Infection: A clean cut minimizes the exposed surface area to pathogens, reducing the risk of infection during the callusing and initial rooting phase.
3. Faster Healing: A smooth, even cut can heal and callus more efficiently than a jagged or irregular break, potentially speeding up the rooting process.

How to Perform a Clean Cut:

• Use a sharp, sterile cutting tool to make a straight or slightly angled cut at the base of the cutting.
• The cut should be made just below a node, as this area is where root development is most likely to occur.

Broken End

Advantages:

1. Natural Callusing: Some growers believe that a broken end may create a more natural and varied wound surface, potentially encouraging a more robust callusing response.
2. Potential for More Root Sites: The uneven surface of a break might lead to the formation of callus tissue at multiple points, possibly resulting in more sites for root initiation.

Disadvantages:

1. Increased Risk of Infection: The irregular surface of a break can expose more plant tissue and potential pathogens to the air, increasing the risk of infection.
2. Unpredictable Healing: The irregularity of a broken surface may lead to uneven callusing and rooting, potentially reducing the overall efficiency of the rooting process.

How to Create a Broken End:

• Gently but firmly twist the cutting or apply pressure at the desired break point. This method is less controlled and can vary greatly in the resulting wound type.

Best Practices for Callusing Plumeria Cuttings

Regardless of whether you choose a clean cut or a broken end, the callusing process is crucial for successful rooting. Here are some best practices:

• Dry the Cutting: After preparing the cutting, let it dry in a warm, dry, and well-ventilated area out of direct sunlight for about 7-10 days to allow the callus to form.
• Use Rooting Hormone (Optional): Applying rooting hormone to the callused end can enhance rooting, though it’s not always necessary for plumeria.
• Proper Planting: Once callused, plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mix, ensuring the callused end is buried but the majority of the cutting, including any nodes, is above the soil line.
• Maintain Optimal Conditions: Water once after planting and provide bright, indirect light. Avoid overwatering by only adding water if the cutting looks dehydrated.

In conclusion, while both methods can be effective, a clean cut is generally recommended for rooting plumeria cuttings due to the controlled environment it creates, which can lead to more predictable and successful rooting. The most important factors are using a sterile technique, ensuring a proper callusing period, and providing optimal conditions for rooting after planting the callused cutting.

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